Overview
Dengue is caused by the dengue virus, which has four distinct serotypes: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4. The virus is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female Aedes mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. These mosquitoes are most active during daylight hours, with peak feeding times in the early morning and before dusk. Dengue is widespread in urban and semi-urban areas of tropical and subtropical climates. In recent decades, the global incidence of dengue has risen significantly, with cases reported in over 100 countries.
Risk Areas
Dengue is endemic in many parts of Africa, the Americas, the Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and the Western Pacific. Asia accounts for approximately 70% of the global disease burden. Factors contributing to the spread of dengue include climate change, urbanization, and increased international travel. In recent years, dengue has emerged in regions previously unaffected, including parts of Europe.
Risk for Travelers
Travelers to dengue-endemic countries are at risk of infection. The likelihood of contracting dengue depends on factors such as destination, duration of stay, and activities that increase exposure to mosquitoes. Even short-term travelers can be at risk, especially if they engage in outdoor activities during peak mosquito feeding times. Severe dengue is rare among travelers but can occur, particularly in individuals with previous dengue infections.
Signs and Symptoms
- Fever
- Severe headache
- Pain behind the eyes
- Muscle and joint pain
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Skin rash
