Overview
Diphtheria is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which produces a toxin leading to severe respiratory issues, heart failure, paralysis, or death. The disease spreads through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing. Vaccination is the most effective method to prevent diphtheria.
Risk Areas
Diphtheria is rare in developed countries due to widespread immunization but remains a concern in regions with low vaccination rates. Areas with higher risk include parts of Africa, South Asia, and the Middle East. Travelers to these regions should ensure they are vaccinated.
Risk for Travelers
Unvaccinated travelers or those with incomplete vaccination schedules are at increased risk when visiting areas where diphtheria is endemic. Close contact with local populations, especially in crowded settings, can elevate the risk of transmission. Maintaining up-to-date vaccinations is crucial for protection.
Signs and Symptoms
- Sore throat
- Fever
- Swollen glands in the neck
- Weakness
- Difficulty breathing
