Overview
Hepatitis A is an acute liver disease resulting from infection with the hepatitis A virus. Transmission occurs mainly through ingestion of contaminated food or water, or direct contact with an infected person. The disease can range from mild cases lasting a few weeks to severe cases lasting several months. Unlike other forms of hepatitis, hepatitis A does not cause chronic liver disease, but it can cause debilitating symptoms and, in rare cases, acute liver failure.
Risk Areas
Hepatitis A is prevalent worldwide, but the risk is higher in regions with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water. Areas with high endemic rates include parts of Africa, Asia, Central and South America, and the Middle East. Even in countries with low endemicity, isolated outbreaks can occur, often linked to contaminated food products.
Risk for Travelers
Travelers to regions with high or intermediate hepatitis A endemicity are at increased risk, especially if they engage in activities such as consuming local food, particularly from street vendors or staying in areas with poor sanitation. Even travelers staying in luxury accommodations are not entirely risk-free, as the virus can be present in food or water sources.
Signs and Symptoms
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Loss of aprtite
- Dark urine
- Pale stool
- Jaundice
