Overview
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is caused by a flavivirus transmitted through the bite of infected Culex mosquitoes, commonly found in rural areas where rice cultivation and pig farming are prevalent. While most infections are asymptomatic, severe cases can result in encephalitis, leading to high mortality rates and potential long-term neurological complications.
Risk Areas
JE is endemic in 24 countries across South-East Asia and the Western Pacific regions, including nations such as China, India, Japan, Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The virus thrives in rural settings with abundant mosquito vectors and suitable breeding habitats.
Risk for Travelers
Travelers spending extended periods in endemic areas, particularly in rural regions during the transmission season, are at increased risk. Activities such as camping, hiking, or staying near rice fields and pig farms can elevate the risk of exposure. Short-term travelers to urban areas generally face a lower risk.
Signs and Symptoms
- Fever
- Headache
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Neck stiffness
- Confusion
- Seizures
- Paralysis
