Overview
Measles, mumps, and rubella are caused by different viruses. They spread through respiratory droplets (coughing, sneezing). Measles can cause a rash, fever, cough, and potentially serious complications like pneumonia and encephalitis. Mumps causes swollen salivary glands, fever, and can lead to complications like meningitis or orchitis. Rubella (German measles) is generally milder but can be very dangerous for pregnant women, causing birth defects. The MMR vaccine is highly effective in preventing all three diseases.
Risk Areas
Measles, mumps, and rubella are present worldwide, though vaccination programs have significantly reduced their incidence in many countries. Outbreaks can still occur in areas with low vaccination rates. Risk is higher for unvaccinated individuals traveling to regions with ongoing transmission. It's essential to check vaccination status and consult travel advisories before traveling internationally.
Risk for Travelers
Unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated travelers are at risk of contracting measles, mumps, or rubella, especially in areas with outbreaks or lower vaccination coverage. Measles is particularly contagious. Travelers should ensure they are fully vaccinated with the MMR vaccine before traveling, especially if they were born after 1957. Infants younger than 12 months, who are too young for the routine MMR vaccine, might need a special dose if traveling to high-risk areas. Consult your doctor.
Signs and Symptoms
- Fever
- Cough
- Runny nose
- Red and Watery eyes
- Rash
- Headache
