Rabies Vaccine
Rabies is a viral infection that affects the nervous system, ultimately leading to death. It is primarily transmitted through the bite of an infected animal, most commonly dogs. Vaccination is crucial for both pre-exposure prophylaxis and post-exposure prophylaxis (after a potential exposure).
Overview
Rabies is caused by a lyssavirus. It is typically transmitted through the saliva of infected animals, usually through a bite. Once symptoms appear, rabies is almost always fatal. The virus attacks the central nervous system, causing neurological symptoms. Prompt post-exposure prophylaxis, including vaccination and immunoglobulin, is essential to prevent the disease.
Risk Areas
Rabies is present worldwide, but certain regions have a higher risk. These include areas with large populations of stray dogs, limited access to animal vaccination programs, and wildlife habitats where rabies is prevalent (e.g., bats, raccoons, foxes). Rural areas often pose a greater risk than urban centers. Specific regions in Asia, Africa, and Latin America are considered higher risk. Consult travel advisories and health resources for up-to-date information.
Risk for Travelers
Travelers to rabies-prone areas are at risk of exposure, especially if they interact with animals, particularly stray dogs. Children are at higher risk as they are more likely to approach animals. Pre-exposure vaccination should be considered for travelers to high-risk areas, especially those planning extended stays or activities that increase their risk of animal contact. Post-exposure prophylaxis is crucial if bitten or scratched by a potentially rabid animal.
Signs and Symptoms
- Fever
- Headache
- Malaise
- Pain or itching at the bite site
- Agitation
- Hydrophobia (fear of water)
- Excessive salivation
- Paralysis
- Confusion
