Overview
Tetanus is caused by the bacterium *Clostridium tetani*. The bacteria enter the body through wounds, cuts, burns, or puncture injuries, often from contaminated objects. *C. tetani* produces toxins that affect the nerves, leading to muscle stiffness and spasms, particularly in the jaw muscles (lockjaw). Tetanus can be life-threatening, especially without prompt medical treatment.
Risk Areas
Tetanus bacteria are found worldwide in soil, dust, and manure. The risk of tetanus is present everywhere, but it is higher in areas with poor sanitation, where wounds are more likely to become contaminated. Injuries sustained in rural areas or involving contact with soil or animal waste carry a higher risk. Unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated individuals are at risk regardless of location.
Risk for Travelers
Travelers are at risk of tetanus if they sustain injuries, especially if the wounds are not properly cleaned and treated. Travel to areas with limited access to medical care may increase the risk if injuries occur. Vaccination is highly recommended for all travelers, and it's crucial to ensure that tetanus immunizations are up-to-date. A booster dose may be recommended depending on the time since the last vaccination and the nature of the travel.
Signs and Symptoms
- Muscle stiffness and spasms (starting in the jaw - lockjaw)
- Difficulty swallowing
- Stiff neck
- Abdominal rigidity
- Painful muscle contractions
- Fever
- Sweating
- Rapid heartbeat
Tetanus is present in soil worldwide and disease occurs when the bacteria gets into a wound or even small cut. Travellers should ensure they have had a Tetanus vaccine within the last 10 years before they travel. A booster is required after 10 years.
Book your appointment for Tetanus Vaccine right now.
*Note: We do not offer post-exposure (after a bite or scratch) Tetanus vaccination. Please contact the nearest A&E
