Overview
Yellow fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus, transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes. Symptoms can range from mild fever to severe liver disease with bleeding. The disease is endemic in parts of Africa and South America, posing significant health risks in these regions.
Risk Areas
In Africa, yellow fever is endemic in 34 countries, particularly in sub-Saharan regions. Countries with known transmission include Angola, Nigeria, and Democratic Republic of the Congo. Travelers to these areas should be aware of the heightened risk. In South America, 13 countries have regions where yellow fever is endemic. Notable countries with transmission include Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia. It's crucial for travelers to these areas to take preventive measures.
Risk for Travelers
Travelers to endemic regions in Africa and South America are at risk of contracting yellow fever, especially if they visit rural or jungle areas where mosquito exposure is higher. Urban outbreaks can also occur. Vaccination is recommended for travelers to high-risk areas, and some countries may require proof of vaccination for entry.
Signs and Symptoms
- Fever
- Headache
- Muscle pain
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Fatigue
- Jaundice
- Bleeding
