Zika Virus
Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that can cause mild symptoms in adults but poses significant risks during pregnancy, leading to birth defects.
Overview
Zika virus is primarily transmitted through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. While many infected individuals remain asymptomatic, common symptoms include fever, rash, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise, and headache. The virus gained global attention during the 2015–2016 outbreak due to its association with severe birth defects, such as microcephaly, when contracted by pregnant women. As of now, there is no approved vaccine for Zika virus; however, research and clinical trials are ongoing to develop a safe and effective vaccine.
Risk Areas
Zika virus is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, including parts of Africa, Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, and the Americas. Notable outbreaks have occurred in Brazil, other South American countries, and the Caribbean. Travelers to these areas should be aware of the potential risk, especially pregnant women or those planning to become pregnant.
Risk for Travelers
Travelers to endemic regions are at risk of contracting Zika virus, particularly if they are exposed to mosquito bites. The risk is heightened for pregnant women due to the potential for severe birth defects in infants. Preventive measures include using insect repellents, wearing long-sleeved clothing, staying in accommodations with air conditioning or window and door screens, and practicing safe sex to prevent sexual transmission of the virus.
Signs and Symptoms
- Fever
- Rash
- Conjunctivitis
- Muscle pain
- Joint pain
- Headache
- Malaise
